Earthworms contribute to soil fertility by...

Earthworms play a significant role in enhancing soil fertility primarily by aiding in the decomposition of organic matter. As they burrow through the soil, they consume organic materials such as decaying leaves and plant matter. Digestion of these materials results in nutrient-rich castings that improve soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. This natural process not only breaks down complex organic compounds into simpler forms that plants can more easily absorb but also stimulates microbial activity, further enriching the soil.

The process facilitated by earthworms creates a healthier and more productive soil ecosystem, which is essential for growing crops effectively. Their activities in aerating the soil promote better root growth and water infiltration, which are critical for sustainable agriculture. This enhancement of organic matter decomposition is a fundamental aspect of why earthworms are considered a cornerstone of healthy soil biology and fertility.